Mediation Role of Marketing Innovation between Entrepreneurial Training and Business Performance of Women Food Vendors in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35313/jmi.v5i1.192Keywords:
Business Performance, Entrepreneurial Training, Marketing Innovation, SEM-PLS, Food VendorsAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial training and the business performance of women food vendors in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania with marketing innovation as a mediator. The study employed a cross-sectional research design, collecting data at a single point in time using a quantitative approach. A sample size of 349 women food vendors was determined using the online Qualtrics Sample Size Calculator. The study employed stratified proportionate and systematic random sampling techniques to obtain sample representation. The collection of data was done using structured research questionnaires. Data analysis was done using partial least square-structural equation modelling. The findings of this study revealed that marketing innovation partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial and business performance. Furthermore, the finding revealed that entrepreneurial training positively and significantly affects marketing innovation. Moreover, the findings revealed that marketing innovation positively and substantially affects business performance. The findings advance understanding of marketing innovation's mediating role between entrepreneurial training and business performance. They enrich empirical literature and expand knowledge on this relationship. The study highlights how entrepreneurial training drives marketing innovation, eventually improving the business outcomes for women's food vendors. These insights underscore training's critical role in fostering innovation and enhancing performance in this sector.
References
Abdulwahab, N., & Alqershi, M. (2019). Strategic innovation, customer relationship management, and the performance of Smes’ in Yemen: the mod era ting role of intellectual capital. African Union 2015. (n.d.).
Aliyu, R. M., Salha, T., Ahmad, T., & Nordin, N. (2019). The Influence of Training on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs: The Mediating Role of Innovation. www.sainshumanika.utm.my
Al Yahyaei, N., Azilah Husin, N., & Supian, K. (2020). The Impact of Innovation on the Performance of SMEs in Oman. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13,(9,2020). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36761.03686
Amoa-Gyarteng, K., Dhliwayo, S., & Adekomaya, V. (2024). Innovative marketing and sales promotion: catalysts or inhibitors of SME performance in Ghana. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2353851
Appiah, L. O., & Essuman, D. (2024). How do firms develop and financially benefit from green product innovation in a developing country? Roles of innovation orientation and green marketing innovation. Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3864
Arabeche, Z., Soudani, A., Brahmi, M., Aldieri, L., Vinci, C. P., & Abdelli, M. E. A. (2022). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Culture and Business Performance in SMEs: Evidence from Emerging Economy. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095160
Arshad, M. H., Sulaiman, Y., & Yusr, M. M. (2024). Influence of innovation on the relationship between market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME performance in Pakistan. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(5). https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024052
Bauer, K. M. (2011). Training Women for Success: An Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Training Programs in Vermont, USA. http://www.mercyconnections.org/
Bianchini, S., Pellegrino, G., & Tamagni, F. (2014). D R A F T Innovation Strategies and Firm Growth: New Longitudinal Evidence from Spanish Firms.
Breschi, S., Malerba, F., & Orsenigo, L. (2000). TECHNOLOGICAL REGIMES AND SCHUMPETERIAN PATTERNS OF INNOVATION Ã.
Brush, C. G., de Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women’s entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566260910942318
Cepeda Carrión, G., Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Roldán, J. L. (2016). Prediction-oriented modeling in business research by means of PLS path modeling: Introduction to a JBR special section. Journal of Business Research, 69(10), 4545–4551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.03.048
Cherrafi, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Kumar, V., Mishra, N., Ghobadian, A., & Elfezazi, S. (2018). Lean, green practices and process innovation: A model for green supply chain performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 206, 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.09.031
Chin, W. W. (2015). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/232569511
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Second Edition.
Creswell, J. W. (2014. (n.d.).
Cuevas-Vargas, H., Escobedo, R. F., Cortes-Palacios, H. A., & Ramirez-Lemus, L. (2021). The relation between adoption of information and communication technologies and marketing innovation as a key strategy to improve business performance. Journal of Competitiveness, 13(2), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.7441/JOC.2021.02.02
Damanpour, 1991. (n.d.).
D’souza, C., Nanere, M., Marimuthu, M., Arwani, M., & Nguyen, N. (2022). Market orientation, performance and the mediating role of innovation in Indonesian SMEs. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 34(10), 2314–2330. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-08-2021-0624
Ellis, P. D. (2006). Market Orientation and Performance: A Meta-Analysis and Cross-National Comparisons*.
Erhan, T. P., van Doorn, S., Japutra, A., & Ekaputra, I. A. (2024). Digital marketing innovation and firm performance: the role of decision-making comprehensiveness in dynamic environments. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(2), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-01-2023-0097
Esubalew, A. A., & Adebisi, S. A. (2024a). Entrepreneurs’ competency, marketing innovation, and enterprise growth: uncovering the mediating role of marketing innovation. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00358-w
Esubalew, A. A., & Adebisi, S. A. (2024b). Entrepreneurs’ competency, marketing innovation, and enterprise growth: uncovering the mediating role of marketing innovation. Future Business Journal, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00358-w
Eunice Dushime, B. (2022). ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN BUJUMBURA, BURUNDI A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY.
Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D., & Nelson, R. R. (2003). Innovation: A Guide to the Literature. http://tikpc51.uio.no/teari/teari.htm
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). (n.d.).
Frederick, H. (2007). Entrepreneurship?: theory, process, practice. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305328732
Hagedoorn, J., & Frankort, H. T. W. (2008). The gloomy side of embeddedness: The effects of overembeddedness on inter-firm partnership formation. In Advances in Strategic Management (Vol. 25, pp. 503–530). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-3322(08)25014-X
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. In European Business Review (Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp. 2–24). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hult, G. T. M., Ketchen, D. J., & Arrfelt, M. (2007). Strategic supply chain management: Improving performance through a culture of competitiveness and knowledge development. Strategic Management Journal, 28(10), 1035–1052. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.627
Hutasuhut, S., Aditia, R., & Thamrin. (2024). The mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation: the impact of entrepreneurship education and patriarchal culture on entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian university students. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2369156
Kazungu, I. (2018). THE ARTISANS: EXAMINING THE INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF HANDICRAFT EXPORTING MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN TANZANIA. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), 2(01). www.ijebmr.com
Lans, T., Baert, H., & Mulder, M. (2008). ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN A SMALL BUSINESS CONTEXT: INSIGHTS FROM THE COMPETENCE-BASED APPROACH. In Journal of Enterprising Culture (Vol. 16, Issue 4).
Merabti, A., & Laouadi, R. (2025). Sybouce International Hotel in Annaba. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(2), 542–555. https://ijeponline.org/index.php/journal/article/view/882
Mkama, S. I. (2024). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Training on Business Performance of Women Food Vendors in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania: Mediating Role of Product Innovation/Service Innovation.
Mramba, N. R. (2015). The Conception of Street Vending Business (SVB) in Income Poverty Reduction in Tanzania. International Business Research, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n5p120
Muangkhot, S., & Ussahawanitchakit, P. (2015). Strategic marketing innovation and marketing performance: an empirical investigation of furniture exporting businesses in Thailand. In The Business and Management Review (Vol. 7).
Naranjo-Valencia, J. C., Naranjo-Herrera, C. G., Serna-Gómez, H. M., & Calderón-Hernández, G. (2018). The relationship between training and innovation in companies. International Journal of Innovation Management, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919618500123
Nkamnebe, A. D. (2011). Sustainability marketing in the emerging markets: Imperatives, challenges, and agenda setting. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 6(3), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1108/17468801111144058
Nyachwaya, P. M. (2017). INFLUENCE OF MARKETING INNOVATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOAPSTONE SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KISII COUNTY A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SCHOOL OF BUSINESS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI.
Nziku, D. M., & Henry, C. (2021). Policies for supporting women entrepreneurs in developing countries: the case of Tanzania. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 10(1), 38–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-09-2020-0073
OECD. (2017). African Economic Outlook 2017 Entrepreneurship and Industrialisation ... - African Development Bank, OECD, United Nations Development Programme - Google Books. https://books.google.co.tz/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7ackDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=OECD,+(2017).+African+Economic+Outlook+2017:+Entrepreneurship+and+Industrialisation.+Paris:+OECD+Publishing.&ots=FNsv8XoH83&sig=PZ2wZsEXYWiBfGkK-f52guLPJA4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=OECD%2C%20(2017).%20African%20Economic%20Outlook%202017%3A%20Entrepreneurship%20and%20Industrialisation.%20Paris%3A%20OECD%20Publishing.&f=false
OECD Oslo MANUAL. (2005). Oslo manual?: guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data (Third Edition). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development?: Statistical Office of the European Communities.
Okundi, S. M., & Muchemi, A. W. (2022). Marketing Innovation Strategy and Entrepreneurial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nakuru East Town Sub-County. International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(2), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v4i2.261
Olazo Danzen. (2020). The Mediating Role of Marketing Innovation to the Marketing Competence and Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Selected Small and Medium Enterprises.
Osuga, P. O. (2016). THE EFFECTS OF STRATEGIC INNOVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN NAIROBI COUNTY.
Patel, P. (2014). Effectiveness of entrepreneurship development interventions for women entrepreneurs: an ILO-WED issue brief. https://researchrepository.ilo.org/esploro/outputs/encyclopediaEntry/Effectiveness-of-entrepreneurship-development-interventions-for/995319419602676
Peng, J., Qin, Q., & Tang, T. (2021). The influence of marketing innovations on firm performance under different market environments: Evidence from china. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810049
Prifti, R., & Alimehmeti, G. (2017). Market orientation, innovation, and firm performance—an analysis of Albanian firms. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-017-0069-9
Ren, S., Eisingerich, A. B., & Tsai, H. T. (2015). How do marketing, research and development capabilities, and degree of internationalization synergistically affect the innovation performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? A panel data study of Chinese SMEs. International Business Review, 24(4), 642–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.11.006
Rosli, M. M., & Sidek, S. (2013). The Impact of Innovation on the Performance of Small and Medium Manufacturing Enterprises: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Innovation Management in Small & Medium Enterprise, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5171/2013.885666
Said, M. A. (2020). THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING ON ENHANCING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF FOOD VENDORS IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF DODOMA CITY.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. In Handbook of Market Research (pp. 1–47). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-2
Sathana, V., Velnampy, T., & Rajumesh, S. (2021). Role of Innovative Marketing Strategy for Success of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) (pp. 57–79). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62171-1_4
Schaper, Michael. (2011). Entrepreneurship and small business. John Wiley & Sons Australia.
The theory of economic inquiry into profit ,capital credit interest and and the business cycle. (n.d.).
Serajpour1, S., Fattahi2, M., Eghbal3, M. R., & Student, P. (2025). the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. Testing the Digital Marketing Model for Customer Attraction in the Medical Equipment Industry. In Management Strategies and Engineering Sciences (Vol. 7, Issue 2).
Shadrack Mwakio, M., Ndemo, B., Bolo, A. Z., & Ndambuki, M. (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL SIZE ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF GOVERNMENT-FUNDED YOUTH GROUP ENTERPRISES IN KENYA DBA Africa Management Review. 12(1), 10–17. http://uonjournals.uonbi.ac.ke/ojs/index.php/DBAAMRhttp://uonjournals.uonbi.ac.ke/ojs/index.php/DBAAMR
Tidd, J., & Bessant, J. (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. www.siemens.com
URT. (2017). THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE TANZANIA INCLUSIVE NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP STRATEGY.
Valerio, A., Parton, B., & Robb, A. (n.d.). Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs around the World Dimensions for Success Human Development.
Van Vuuren, J., & Nieman, G. (1997). ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND TRAINING: A MODEL FOR SYLLABI/CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT.
Varis, M., & Littunen, H. (2010). Types of innovation, sources of information and performance in entrepreneurial SMEs. European Journal of Innovation Management, 13(2), 128–154. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061011040221
Weerakoon, C., McMurray, A. J., Rametse, N., & Arenius, P. (2020). Knowledge creation theory of entrepreneurial orientation in social enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management, 58(4), 834–870. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2019.1672709
Zehir*, M., & Zehir, S. (2019). Market Dynamism, Learning Orientation, Firm Innovativeness And Firm Performance: A Path Analysis. 874–884. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.01.02.74
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mkama I.S, Diyammi M.P, Fauzia Mohamed

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.